What is Oops ?

“OOP” stands for Object-Oriented Programming. It’s a programming paradigm that uses objects – which are instances of classes – to organize code. The key principles of OOP are:

1. Encapsulation: Bundling of data (attributes) and the methods (functions) that operate on the data into a single unit called a class. It restricts direct access to some of the object’s components and can prevent the accidental modification of data.
2. Inheritance: A mechanism where a new class inherits properties and behaviors from an existing class. It promotes code reusability and establishes a relationship between classes.
3. Polymorphism: Allows objects to be treated as instances of their parent class, so a single interface can be used to represent different types of objects. It includes method overloading and method overriding.
4. Abstraction: Simplifying complex systems by modeling classes based on the essential properties and behaviors they possess. It involves creating a blueprint of a class that can be instantiated.

OOP provides a way to structure a program by organizing code into objects that can interact with each other. It aims to improve code readability, reusability, and maintainability. Many modern programming languages, including PHP, Java, Python, and C++, support OOP concepts.

Example :-

<?php

namespace App\Models;

class User extends Model
{
    protected $fillable = [
        'name',
        'email',
        'password',
    ];

    public function posts()
    {
        return $this->hasMany(Post::class);
    }
}

In this example, the User class extends the Model class, which is the base class for all Laravel models. The fillable property specifies which attributes can be mass assigned to the model.

The posts() method defines a one-to-many relationship between the User model and the Post model. This means that a user can have many posts, but a post can only have one user.

2nd example :-

$user = User::create([
    'name' => 'John Doe',
    'email' => 'john.doe@example.com',
    'password' => 'password',
]);

// Get the user's posts
$posts = $user->posts;

// Create a new post for the user
$post = new Post([
    'title' => 'My first post',
    'content' => 'This is my first post.',
]);
$user->posts()->save($post);

OOP is a powerful programming paradigm that can be used to write more reusable, maintainable, and testable code. Laravel makes it easy to use OOP in your PHP applications.

Here are some other examples of OOP in Laravel:

1. Controllers: Laravel controllers are responsible for handling HTTP requests and returning responses. Controllers can use OOP principles to encapsulate the logic for handling specific requests.
2. Models: Laravel models represent the data in your database. Models can use OOP principles to encapsulate the logic for interacting with the database.
3. Services: Laravel services are reusable classes that can be used to perform specific tasks. Services can use OOP principles to encapsulate the logic for performing those tasks.

OOP is a fundamental concept of Laravel, and it is used throughout the framework. By understanding OOP, you can write better Laravel code that is more reusable, maintainable, and testable.